Melanocyte

Melanocytes are melanin-producing neural crest-derived cells located in the bottom layer of the skin's epidermis, the middle layer of the eye, the inner ear, vaginal epithelium, meninges, bones, and heart found in many mammals and birds. Melanin is a dark pigment primarily responsible for skin color. Once synthesized, melanin is contained in special organelles called melanosomes which can be transported to nearby keratinocytes to induce pigmentation.

Thus darker skin tones have more melanosomes present than lighter skin tones.
Functionally, melanin serves as protection against UV radiation.
Melanocytes also have a role in the immune system.

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Source: Wikipedia · Image: Wikimedia Commons · Public domain

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Museum entries, images, and facts are drawn from Wikipedia and Wikimedia Commons, used under public-domain and Creative Commons licenses.